аЯрЁБс>ўџ &(ўџџџ%џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС@ №Пjbjb‹ю‹ю сŒсŒ, џџџџџџlXXXXXXXˆˆˆˆˆ ” ˆы*ЌЌЌЌЌЌЌЌœžžžžžž, 5|Ъ!XЌЌЌЌЌЪ,XXЌЌЌ,,,ЌjXЌXЌœ,lzXXXXЌœ,T,€XX€  чjБУˆˆ€€ыы€Б,Б€,УхESYS 10: Introduction to Environmental Systems Winter 2008 Problem Set #1 1.) Earth’s average temperature is determined in part by the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, by way of the greenhouse effect. The atmospheric CO2 content may in turn be affected by photosynthetic activity of plants, which convert CO2 into plant tissue (organic carbon); however, the rate of photosynthesis depends on the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and on global air temperature. The components of this system, atmospheric CO2 content, global temperature, and photosynthesis rate, are intimately interconnected. By increasing global photosynthesis rates, plants would tend to lower the atmospheric CO2 level. In doing so, however, the plants would tend to cool Earth. This cooling, together with the CO2 level, might tend to reduce the photosynthetic activity of plants. a. On the basis of this discussion, draw a system diagram of the photosynthetic rate-CO2 –temperature system. b. How many feedback loops are there? c. Are the feedback loops positive or negative? d. Describe the response of the system to the following perturbations: (i) An increase in atmospheric CO2 (ii) A decrease in temperature e. How might the system respond to a continued forcing--an increase in solar luminosity through time? 2.) Daisyworld has a companion planet that is similar in all ways except that the daisies are black. a. What is the effect of an increase in black-daisy coverage on planetary temperature? Express your answer graphically. b. Assuming that the effect of temperature on daisy coverage is the same on black-daisy Daisyworld as on white-daisy Daisyworld, draw a stability diagram--a diagram analogous to Figure 2-10 – for black daisy Daisyworld. Include two equilibrium states. c. Which of the two equilibrium states in part (b) is stable? d. Is the stable equilibrium state of part (c) cooler or warmer than that of white-daisy Daisyworld? e. How would this system respond to a decrease in solar luminosity? Express your answer graphically and in terms of the feedback factor. f. Is f of part (e) greater than or less than 1? g. Prof. Charles mentioned in class that fictitious "Daisyworld" makes a veiled analogy to the behavior of water in the Earth's (real) climate system. Briefly explain the parallels between daisies and water in their respective systemsР <KLPT U W У Х щ ы   Ђ Є o q ч щ у х ! # † ˆ @B§јѓ§шлшлшлшлшлшлшлшлшлшлшлшлшлшѓ5B*CJOJQJphB*CJOJQJphOJQJOJQJ5!0<KLT U У щ  ` ƒ Ђ  n o ч У у ! † Ъ @њњјієіііііююііііііііііііі„а`„а$a$0<KLT U У щ  ` ƒ Ђ  n o ч У у ! † Ъ @ќњАа/ Ар=!А"А# $ %А i4@ёџ4NormalCJOJPJQJmH >`> Heading 1$$@&a$ 5OJQJ<A@ђџЁ<Default Paragraph Font<B@ђ< Body TextB*CJOJQJph8Z@8 Plain TextCJOJPJQJ, џџџџ!џџ z™,    ab ?I\fЗСz„u# + . ЦЩ. :џџpr_Rock 'N Roll Computer:Users:patrickrafter:Charles Lab Website:ESYS10:2008ESYS10-ProblemSet1.docpr^Rock 'N Roll Computer:Users:patrickrafter:Charles Lab Website:ESYS10:2008ESYS10ProblemSet1.docpr^Rock 'N Roll Computer:Users:patrickrafter:Charles Lab Website:ESYS10:2008ESYS10ProblemSet1.doc0<. )‘У„)‘У„џ@@CЌЃBBlф* , P @PGTimes New Roman5€Symbol3 Arial3Times? Courier New qˆаhзrС&чrС&мrС&SaЅРДД€>0I Г@џџ%ESYS 10 Introduction to Earth Systemsprprўџ р…ŸђљOhЋ‘+'Гй0€˜Шдрьќ  0 < H T`hpx'&ESYS 10бIntroduction to Earth SystemsofSYSprSrSNormalбprm6mMicrosoft Word 10.0@ъVњ@рФ’уVШ@‚єптVШ@т(хVШSўџ еЭеœ.“—+,љЎ0ј `hpx€ ˆ˜  Ј к'I $ &ESYS 10бIntroduction to Earth Systems Title ўџџџўџџџўџџџ !"#$ўџџџ§џџџ'ўџџџўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRoot Entryџџџџџџџџ РF€ЭXЂVШ)€1Tableџџџџџџџџ WordDocumentџџџџџџџџSummaryInformation(џџџџDocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџџџџџCompObjџџџџџџџџџџџџXџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџ РFMicrosoft Word DocumentўџџџNB6WWord.Document.8